Welcoming a newborn is a joyful yet challenging experience, especially when your baby cries for hours and nothing seems to help. One possible reason for this distress is colic — a common condition in infants that can leave parents feeling helpless. Here’s everything you need to know about colic, including what it is, its causes, symptoms, and how to soothe your baby.

What Is Colic?
Colic is defined as frequent, prolonged, and intense crying in an otherwise healthy baby. It typically appears within the first few weeks of life and may last until the baby is about 3 to 4 months old. While colic is not harmful or dangerous, it can be extremely stressful for both the baby and the parents.

Causes of Colic
The exact cause of colic remains unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute:

• Immature digestive system: Babies' gastrointestinal tracts are still developing, which can lead to gas and discomfort.
• Swallowed air: During feeding or crying, babies may swallow air, causing bloating and pain.
• Overstimulation: Newborns can become overwhelmed by lights, noise, and activity.
• Food sensitivities: Some infants may be sensitive to certain proteins in formula or even foods passed through breast milk.

Signs and Symptoms
Colic is usually recognized by the "Rule of Threes":

• Crying for more than three hours a day
• For more than three days a week
• For three weeks or longer

Other common signs include:

• Intense crying that often occurs in the evening
• Crying that sounds more like screaming
• Clenched fists, arched back, or pulled-up legs
• Red face and signs of discomfort

How to Soothe a Colicky Baby
Though colic usually resolves on its own, here are some ways to ease your baby’s discomfort and calm them:

1. Hold and Comfort
Babies with colic often feel better when held. Try carrying your baby in a sling or gently rocking them in your arms. Motion can be very soothing.

2. Use White Noise
Soft background sounds such as a fan, white noise machine, or a recording of a heartbeat may help calm your baby.

3. Offer a Pacifier
Sucking can be very comforting. If your baby is not hungry, a pacifier might help reduce crying.

4. Check Feeding Techniques
Ensure that your baby is latching well and not swallowing too much air during feeding. Burp them frequently to release trapped gas.

5. Tummy Time and Gentle Massage
Laying your baby on their tummy (while supervised) or gently massaging their belly can help release gas and ease discomfort.

6. Dietary Changes
If you're breastfeeding, consider eliminating caffeine, dairy, or other common irritants from your diet. For formula-fed babies, consult your pediatrician about trying a different formula.

7. Warm Bath
A warm bath can relax your baby’s muscles and may help reduce colic symptoms.

When to See a Doctor
Colic, though difficult, is not usually a sign of a serious medical condition. However, contact your pediatrician if:

• Your baby has a fever
• There are changes in appetite or weight gain
• Vomiting or blood in stool is present
• Crying seems different or more intense than usual

Conclusion
Colic can be exhausting and emotionally challenging, but it is a phase that will pass. With patience, trial and error, and the right techniques, you can comfort your baby and ease their discomfort. And most importantly, remember to take care of yourself — a calm and rested parent is better able to care for their little one.